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KMID : 1037020160050010001
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Medical Lasers; Engineering, Basic Research, and Clinical Application
2016 Volume.5 No. 1 p.1 ~ p.6
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High-Frequency Alternating Electrical Current: Selective Electromagnetic Tissue Reaction
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Cho Sung-Bin
Kim Hei-Sung
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Abstract
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ABSTRACT
Radiofrequency surgery, also referred to as electrosurgery, utilizes a high-frequency (HF) alternating electrical current to cut or coagulate biological tissues. HF energy?while targeting a particular tissue?can be applied to induce an electrothermal reaction by converting electrical currents into heat energy, depending on the resistance of the tissue and the density of the current. In contrast to the action mechanisms of electrocautery devices, which generate nonselective thermal injury using a heated metallic probe, radiofrequency devices deliver electromagnetic signals?not heat itself?to induce thermal or non-thermal injury to targeted cellular and subcellular structures. Using a radiofrequency device, HF energy can be emitted to tissues via a monopolar or bipolar mode and via minimally invasive or noninvasive electrodes. These differences in the delivery of HF energy to a particular tissue affect the expected type of reaction. A thermo-selective tissue reaction refers to the selective hyperthermic injury achieved by converting an electrical current into heat energy. An electromagnetic-selective tissue reaction refers to non-thermal, selective tissue reactions achieved via a HF-induced electromagnetic field. For minimally invasive bipolar radiofrequency devices, the use of insulated penetrating electrodes, along with longer HF conduction time and continuous type of HF delivery, maximizes thermo-selective tissue reactions. Meanwhile, for minimally invasive bipolar devices equipped with non-insulated penetrating electrodes, application of shorter HF conduction time and/or pulsed type of HF delivery maximizes electromagnetic-selective tissue reactions.
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KEYWORD
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High frequency, Radiofrequency, Electromagnetic field, Electrothermal reaction
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